Facts of Constitution | Unknown Facts About The Constitution

Facts of Constitution | Unknown Facts About The Constitution

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. The document lays down the framework demarcating fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens.

In indian constitution there are 395 Articles : At the time of its adoption, the Constitution contained 395 Articles and 8 Schedules and was about 145,000 words long, making it the longest national Constitution to ever be adopted.

Facts of Constitution | Unknown Facts About The Constitution

The constitution written by  B. R. Ambedkar

Author(s) : B. R. Ambedkar Chairman of the Drafting Committee Benegal Narsing Rau Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly Surendra Nath Mukherjee Chief Draftsman of the Constituent Assembly and other members of Constituent Assembly

Signatories : 284 members of the Constituent Assembly

Framing of the Indian Constitution

1)Idea to have a constitution was given by MN Roy in 1934.

2) The demand for the Constituents Assembly was firstly accepted by the British in August offer of 1940.

3) The constitution Assembly was set up in November, 1946 as per the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946.

4) There were to be total of 389 members in the Constituents Assembly of which 292 were representative of the state, 93 represented the princely states and 4 were from the Chief Commissioner provinces. At the time of independence there were 565 princely states in India. 

5) The first meeting of Constitution Assembly was held on 9th December, 1946 with Dr Sacchidanand Sinha as its provisional president. Its last session was held on 24th January, 1950.

6) Dr Rajendra Prasad and HC Mukherjee were elected as president and voice president respectively on 11th December, 1946.

7)Drafting committee was constituted on 29th August, 1947 with Dr BR Ambedkar as the chairman. 

8) Other members of drafting committee included N Gopala Swamy Ayyangar, Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar, Dr KM Munshi, Syed Mohammad Saadullah, N Madhava Ray (replaced BL Mutter) and TT Krishnamachari (replaced DP khaitan). 

9) The Constituents Assembly took 2 years, 11 months and 18 days to complete the constitution. 

10) The Constitution was adopted on 26th November, 1949.

11) On 24th January, 1950 'Jana Gana Mana'adopted as National Anthem. 

12) The constitution came into force on 26th January, 1950 because on this, in 1930 Purna Swaraj day was celebrated by ' Indian National Congress' (INC). 26th January is celebrated as republic day in India. 

13) Originally, the constitution contained 395 articles, 22 parts and 8 schedules. Presently, it has 448 articles, 25 parts and 12  schedules. 

Salient Features and facts of the Constitution 

1) The Indian Constitution is the lengthiest written Constitution of the world 

2) Under the Constitution, the people of india are the ultimate sovereign. 

3) The Indian Constitution stands for a secular state. 

4)Constitution contains federal features as well as 'Unitary features'. 

5) Constitution provides single citizenship to its citizen. 

6) There is a single, integrated and independent judiciary in india. 

7) Indian Constitution has a special provision of emergency. 

8) Article 326 of Constitution of india deals with elections to house of the people and to the legislative assemblies of the States on the basis of adult suffrage. 

9) The procedure of Amendment of the Constitution is partly flexible and partly rigid. 

Sources of Indian Constitution

#UK - Parliamentary Government, Cabinet system Bicameral parliament, CAG office single citizenship, law making procedure. 

# USA - Written Constitution, preamble Fundamental Rights, Function of president and vice-president judicial Review independence of judiciary 

# Russia(former USSR)  - fundamental duties and idia of justice (social, economic and political) in preamble. 

#Australia -  Concurrent List, joint sitting of the two houses of parliament. 

# France -  Republic and the ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity in the preamble 

# Germany -  suspension of fundamental rights during the emergency. 

# Canada -  idea of federation with strong Centre. 

# Ireland - Directive Principal of state policy, method of election of president. 

# South Africa - Procedure of Amendment of the Constitution and election of members of Rajya Sabha. 

Parts of Constitution 

Part -1 ( Article 1-4)  : deals with territory of india, formation of new states, alteration of boundaries and names of existing states. 

Part -2 (Article 5-11)  : Deals with various provisions of citizenship. 

Part -3 (Article 12-35)  : Deals with fundamental rights of Indian citizens. ( Article 31-dealing with the right to property and was deleted by 44 the amendment) 

Part -4 (Article 35-51) : Deals with Directive Principles of State Policy 

Part -4-A(Article 51A) :  Added by 42 nd Amendment in 1976.Contains the Fundamental duties of the citizen. 

Part -5(Article 52-151) : Deals with Government at the union level (duties and function of prime minister, minister, president, attorney general, parliament -Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, comptroller, auditor general.) 

Part -6 (Article 152-237) : Deals with government at state level (article -152 exempts Jammu and Kashmir from the category of ordinary states). Duties and function of chief minister and his ministers, Governor, state Legislature, High court Advocate general of the state. 

Part-7(Article -238): Deals with states, was replaced in 1956 by 7th amendment . 

Part -8 (Article 239-241) :  Deals with Union Territories  

Part -9 : Added by 73rd amendment in 1992. Contains a new schedule -schedule Eleven. It contains 29 subjects related to panchayati Raj. 

Part -9A : Added by 74th amendment in 1992.Contains a new schedule -schedule Twelve. It contains 18 subjects related to municipalities.. 

Part -9B: To cooperative societies (243-ZH to 243 -ZT). 

Part -10(article 244-244A)  : Deals with schedule and tribal areas. 

Part-11(Article 245-263) : Deals with relation between Union and States. 

Part -12( Article 264-300A)  : Deals with distribution of revenue between Union And States. Appointment of finance commission (article 280), contracts liabilities etc. 

Part-13(Article 301-307) : Relates to trade, commerce and intercourse within the territory of india. 

Part-14 : Deals with UPSC and State public service commission  

Part -14A (Article 323A-323B) : Deals with tribunals. 

Part-15(Article 324-239A)  : Deals with Election (also Election Commission) 

Part -16(Article 330-342): Deals with special provision for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes and Anglo -Indian Representation. 

Part -17(Article 343-351): Related to official language  

Part-18(Article 352-360): Deals with Emergency Provisions. 

Part-19(Article 361-367) : Exemption of Criminal Proceeding for their Official Acts of president and governors 

Part-20(Article-368) : Deals with amendment of Constitution. 

Part-21( Article 369-392): article -369 gives temporary powers to the parliament to make laws for state list. 

Part-22(Article 393-395): Concerns the short title, the commencement, authorative text in hindi and repeals of Constitution . 

Article -370 contains temporary state provisions of Jammu and Kashmir special status of Jammu and Kashmir prohibited in August, 2019

People also ask

Did you know facts about Constitution?

Longest ever: Our Constitution is the longest in the world, and contains 1.46 lakh words. It took two years, 11 months and 18 days to draft it. Voting right: It was only after the enforcement of the Indian Constitution that our country's women got the right to vote.

What are 3 interesting facts about the Constitution?

The U.S. Constitution has 4,400 words. It is the oldest and shortest written Constitution of any major government in the world." Of the spelling errors in the Constitution, “Pensylvania” above the signers' names is probably the most glaring. Thomas Jefferson did not sign the Constitution.

What 3 things did the Constitution?

First it creates a national government consisting of a legislative, an executive, and a judicial branch, with a system of checks and balances among the three branches. Second, it divides power between the federal government and the states. And third, it protects various individual liberties of American citizens.

How many wrote the Constitution?

In all, 55 delegates attended the Constitutional Convention sessions, but only 39 actually signed the Constitution. The delegates ranged in age from Jonathan Dayton, aged 26, to Benjamin Franklin, aged 81, who was so infirm that he had to be carried to sessions in a sedan chair.

Why is Constitution needed?

A Constitution has written laws accepted by people living together in a country. It generates trust and coordination between the government and the citizens. It specifies the type of government for a country and how it should function. It lays down limits on the powers of the government.

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